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- MEDICINE, Page 61When Less May Be More
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- A heart study finds drugs as effective as invasive methods
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- When people have a heart attack today, they are likely to
- be given powerful drugs to dissolve the clots that block the
- flow of blood to the cardiac muscle. But the drugs are generally
- used only to buy time until invasive procedures can be
- performed. These include angiography, the injection of a
- material into the coronary arteries to identify by X ray the 1
- patient in 6 apt to have another attack; and balloon
- angioplasty, the threading into a blocked artery of a catheter
- with a tiny balloon on the end that presses plaque against the
- artery wall and widens the channel.
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- Now a new and controversial study has emerged to challenge
- this conventional treatment. Published last week in the New
- England Journal of Medicine, it concludes that immediate
- angiography and angioplasty, both costly and somewhat risky
- techniques, are unnecessary in most heart-attack cases. The
- 50-hospital study, sponsored by the National Institutes of
- Health and known as TIMI II (for thrombolysis in myocardial
- infarction phase II trial), involved 3,262 patients who had
- suffered apparent heart attacks. Within four hours of their
- attacks, all patients received a powerful clot dissolver, known
- as TPA (tissue plasminogen activator), along with heparin and
- aspirin to inhibit blood coagulation. Of the 1,636 patients in
- the invasive-strategy group, 928 underwent angiography and
- angioplasty within 18 to 48 hours after their attacks.
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- The results were surprising: after six weeks, the number of
- deaths and repeat heart attacks were similar for each group, a
- strong indication that there was no advantage in having
- angioplasty. The study's conclusions: angiography and
- angioplasty can be safely put off until patients show recurrent
- signs of a deficient blood supply to the heart muscle.
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- Not all cardiologists agreed with TIMI II's conclusions.
- Dr. Geoffrey Hartzler of the Mid America Heart Institute in
- Kansas City took issue because the study excluded patients age
- 76 and over, as well as anyone with a history of bypass surgery,
- heart-valve replacement, cerebrovascular disease, or other
- serious illness. "These were low-risk people, and it's a bad rap
- for angioplasty," he complained. "In fact, direct angioplasty
- alone, with no clot-dissolving drugs, is probably the single
- most effective treatment for acute heart attack."
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- Nonetheless, the trial has enormous implications for the
- routine care of heart-attack patients. Community hospitals with
- well-equipped coronary-care units, for example, could offer the
- relatively simple drug treatment and send patients in real need
- of angioplasty or bypass to specialized centers. If
- cardiologists adopt TIMI II's conservative strategy, the
- estimated financial savings could total $200 million a year.
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